Teaching Phonological Awareness, an Essential Skill for Literacy Success
Jodie Shell • September 30, 2020

One of the first things young children do when beginning to learn a language is listen to the sounds being spoken and try to determine how those sounds go together to form words. This ability to hear those sounds that make up words is called phonological awareness. Considered one of the  best predictors of future reading success , phonological awareness is critical to becoming a successful speaker, reader and writer.

The following concepts, which are commonly used by educators in the classroom and taught throughout the GrapeSEED program, are examples of phonological awareness skills. Shared reading is the perfect time to practice these skills, and  research has shown  that doing so can help young at-risk students improve significantly in their preliteracy skills. We have also included some great activities that can be done in the classroom as well as at home with your child while enjoying nursery rhymes or a bedtime story together. Plus it reinforces what her teachers are doing in school!

Rhyming and Alliteration

Through rhyming and alliteration, young children begin to hear and notice sounds that are similar in multiple words. This helps them understand that words are broken down into separate sounds. Alliteration helps children focus on beginning sounds while rhyming helps them focus on the ending sounds in words.

During shared reading, teachers can carefully select poems, songs, and stories that have words that rhyme or use alliteration to focus on these skills. Students can use highlighting tape, wikki stix, or framing (using their fingers to “single out” the focus letter) to highlight the words that rhyme or, in an alliteration example, the letters of a series of words in a row that have the same first consonant sound as in “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”

GrapeSEED Unit 1 Shared Reading Big Book “Red” provides exposure to rhyming words.

Phoneme Segmentation

Phoneme segmentation is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning. For example, separating the spoken word “box” into three distinct phonemes, /b/, /aw/, and /ks/, requires phonemic awareness.

Teachers can choose a word from a familiar shared reading poem, song, or story to segment or “stretch out” and identify the sounds that are in the word.  For example, if the class was reading the GrapeSEED Unit 3 Shared Reading Poem “My Toy Box”, the teacher and the children would stretch out the word  box to hear that it has three sounds /b/-/aw/-/ks/ (stretch like a rubber band: “bbb” “aww” “ks”). Remember, phonemic awareness is a focus on sounds; it’s not important at this point for the child to be able to understand that the letters B-O-X make up the word  box. This skill will come later.

This student finds the letter “x” in the GrapeSEED Unit 3 Shared Reading Poem “My Toy Box.”

Children can also be taught to identify how many parts are in a word. Clapping syllables such as in the word  watermelon  ( wa-ter-mel-on ) will help them learn the difference between long and short words.

Blending

Teachers can take a mystery word from a familiar poem, song, or story and teach the children how to blend the word back together. For example, if a teacher were reading GrapeSEED Unit 3 Shared Reading Poem “Yes? No?” she might stretch out /k/-/a/-/n/ so students can hear the segmented sounds in the word. Then they can try and guess the word by blending the sounds back together. Note that after teaching skills like this in isolation, it is important to reread the entire text or the portion of the text that includes the focus word with the children to shift their attention back to the meaning of the text.

Stretch out letters from a word in a shared reading poem like GrapeSEED’s Unit 3 Poem “Yes? No?” and have children blend the sounds to determine the word.

Do you have additional tips for helping children develop and improve phonological awareness skills? Let us know on the  GrapeSEED Facebook page !

October 6, 2025
What is inevitable in most schools across the United States? Standardized testing! And for our English Language Learner students, there is no getting around it... standardized tests are nonnegotiable. So, what is the challenge for elementary teachers and administrators? Striking the right balance. The key to that balance is preparing children for these assessments without completely tossing out developmentally appropriate instruction AND without creating anxiety. Why Preparation Matters While standardized tests might not capture the full range of our students' growth, they do influence school accountability, placement decisions, and even the allocation of funding and other resources. So, we prepare our students…not by ‘teaching to the test’, but by giving them the skills that they need to feel comfortable and confident during testing time. Multilingual learners, especially, benefit when we scaffold their testing experience, making sure they understand test formats, directions, and strategies, so they can truly show what they know. Ready for a few practical test prep ideas? Let’s dig in! Meaningful and Age-Appropriate Strategies 1. Build Familiarity Through Routine Incorporate test-like questions into regular classroom activities in a low-stakes way. Use short passages, multiple-choice questions, and timed activities that mimic test conditions, without the pressure. 2. Focus on Language and Concept Development ELL students need time to develop academic vocabulary and comprehension skills. Embed test-related language (e.g., “main idea,” “infer,” “evidence”) into their daily instruction in ways that make sense contextually. 3. Use Play and Movement For younger learners, active learning helps reinforce skills. Try review games, partner quizzes, or station rotations. These help students internalize content and practice test-taking skills in an engaging, age-appropriate format. 4. Practice Metacognition and Self-Talk Teach simple test-taking strategies like rereading the question, eliminating wrong answers, and checking work. Model “think alouds” to show how good test-takers reason through tricky questions. 5. Support Emotional Readiness Let students know that tests are just one way to show learning. Create a calm, encouraging classroom culture that frames testing as a chance to “show what you’ve learned,” not a judgment on their worth or ability. A Final Thought for Administration Administrators play a vital role in ensuring that multilingual learner teachers are supported with training, resources, and realistic expectations. Providing carved out time for your teachers to focus on standardized test readiness and making room for differentiated assessments, shows your support and commitment. When done thoughtfully, preparing your students for testing time can reinforce key skills, boost their confidence, and ensure that every student…especially our multilingual learners…have a fair chance to succeed. Are YOU looking for the best way to support your multilingual learner students? Then YOU’RE looking for GrapeSEED! Click here to learn more.
September 22, 2025
Are you a teacher of multilingual learners? If you’re answer is a resounding ‘YES’, then you have very likely heard the term ‘comprehensible input’ over and over again. But what does it actually mean and why does it matter so much? Comprehensible input is simply language that is just a teeny bit above a student’s level of understanding, but that can make sense and be understood with the scaffolds of context (like a story, for example), realia, props, gestures, facial expressions and so on. When your students receive this type of input during lessons, they are going to acquire language more naturally and effectively. You might be wondering, ‘why is this so important in my ESL classrooms?’ The answer is because language acquisition thrives on understanding. When students have a high level of anxiety because they’re overwhelmed with unfamiliar vocabulary and speech that is super-fast, they’re very likely to just ‘shut down.’ However, when we as teachers mindfully make our input very clear and add those scaffolds mentioned, children grow in confidence and are much more willing to engage and take academic risks. Try these easy yet effective strategies to build comprehensible input into your lessons: o Use props and realia: Using real life objects, props and pictures makes a big impact! Showing a picture of a tree while saying “This is a tree” makes meaning click instantly. o Slow your pace and use gestures: Use a moderate pace when speaking and be certain to pronounce words clearly. Use body language to support what you’re saying, when appropriate. Remember that a smile and a well-planned gesture can go a long way when building comprehensible input. o Repeat and rephrase: Saying things in a different way when is seems as though your point didn’t get across can be key. For example, if “Let’s line up” causes confusion or misunderstanding, try “Get in a line, please…one behind the other.” o Build on the ‘known’: Connect new learning to things that your students have already learned or experiences. This makes new information feel much more familiar and easier to grasp. o Check for understanding: Use short sentence frames and yes/no & either/or questions to check for understanding in a way that is low stress for your students. Remember, comprehensible input isn’t about “dumbing down” language—it’s about making it meaningful and accessible. When students understand what they’re hearing or reading, they’re more likely to respond, participate, and grow. And that’s when the real language magic begins! Does the GrapeSEED English for Children curriculum include comprehensible input? Yes, it definitely does, and in multiple ways! Learn all about it, along with how YOU can get started with GrapeSEED, by clicking here .
By Jodie Shell September 8, 2025
Welcoming your youngest newcomer children to school … children who are new to the United States and adjusting to a new language, a new culture, and new way of ‘doing school’… requires so much more than just academic support. One of the most significant but most often overlooked challenges that brand-new newcomer children face is learning to self-regulate in this very new, very different looking learning environment. As teachers and administrators, supporting the cultivation of self-regulation skills in newcomer students not only supports their academic success, but their emotional well-being and sense of belonging, too. Understanding the Challenge Many newcomer students arrive with limited or interrupted schooling and likely have experienced some sort of trauma, migration stress, and culture shock. These factors can make self-regulation … managing emotions, behavior, and attention … especially difficult. Unfamiliar expectations around classroom behavior, routines, and interactions with classmates can contribute to feelings of confusion or frustration. So what can you do? Practical Strategies for Educators: 1. Build Predictable Routines: Clear, consistent daily routines help reduce anxiety and give students a sense of safety. Pictorial schedules and transition cues can be especially helpful for English language learner students. 2. Teach Vocabulary dealing with Emotions : Young newcomers may struggle to express emotions in a new language. Using facial expression cards and simple language to build a shared emotional vocabulary that supports communicating feelings will make a huge impact on building the sense of community needed in your school and classrooms. 3. Model and Practice Self-Regulation: Use modeling and role-playing to demonstrate strategies like taking deep, slow breaths, counting, or just taking a break can make a powerful impact. Also, consider creating a calm-down corner in your school or classroom where students can go to ‘reset’. 4. Establish Culturally Responsive Relationships: Learn about students’ cultural backgrounds and show curiosity and respect. Trusting relationships provide the foundation for students to feel safe enough to practice self-regulation. 5. Partner with Families and Specialists : Collaborate with other multilingual learner teachers, counselors, and families to ensure a unified approach. Remember that while they could be struggling to acclimate a bit themselves, parents and families can offer insight into what comforts and motivates their children. Supporting self-regulation is a journey, not a quick fix. With empathy, structure, and cultural sensitivity, we all can help newcomer students develop the emotional tools they need to flourish, both in and out of the classroom. At GrapeSEED, our curriculum is built on a foundation that encourages a calm, joy filled environment. Our daily lesson plans incorporates a low affective filter for students at every turn as they acquire English. Ready to learn more? Click here!
August 25, 2025
There’s something magical about the first few weeks of school; the fresh notebooks, sharpened pencils, and bright-eyed students walking through your classroom door, each with a story ready to unfold. As teachers, we don’t just teach content; we build communities. And when our classroom becomes a place where every student feels seen, heard, and valued, that’s when real learning begins.
Show More